Phylogenetic classification of the world’s tropical forests

J. W. Ferry Slik, - and Janet Franklin, - and Víctor Arroyo-Rodríguez, - and Richard Field, - and Salomon Aguilare, - and Nikolay Aguirre, - and Jorge Ahumada, - and Shin-Ichiro Aiba, - and Luciana F. Alves, - and Anitha K, - and Andres Avella, - and Francisco Mora, - and Gerardo A. Aymard C, - and Selene Báez, - and Patricia Balvanera, - and Meredith L. Bastian, - and Jean-François Bastin, - and Peter J. Bellingham, - and Eduardo van den Berg, - and Polyanna da Conceição Bispo, - and Pascal Boeckxt, - and Katrin Boehning-Gaese, - and Frans Bongers, - and Brad Boyle, - and Fabian Brambach, - and Francis Q. Brearley, - and Sandra Brown, - and Shauna-Lee Chai, - and Robin L. Chazdon, - and Shengbin Chen, - and Phourin Chhang, - and George Chuyong, - and Corneille Ewango, - and Indiana M. Coronado, - and Jurgi Cristóbal-Azkarate, - and Heike Culmsee, - and Kipiro Damas, - and H. S. Dattaraja, - and Priya Davidar, - and Saara J. DeWalt, - and Hazimah Dina, - and Donald R. Drakeo, - and Alvaro Duque, - and Giselda Durigan, - and Dr. Eddy Nurtjahya, M.Sc., - (2018) Phylogenetic classification of the world’s tropical forests. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 115 (8). pp. 1837-1842. ISSN 1091-6490

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Abstract

Knowledge about the biogeographic affinities of the world’s tropical forests helps to better understand regional differences in forest structure, diversity, composition, and dynamics. Such understanding will enable anticipation of region-specific responses to global environmental change. Modern phylogenies, in combination with broad coverage of species inventory data, now allow for global biogeographic analyses that take species evolutionary distance into account. Here we present a classification of the world’s tropical forests based on their phylogenetic similarity. We identify five principal floristic regions and their floristic relationships: (i) Indo-Pacific, (ii) Subtropical, (iii) African, (iv) American, and (v) Dry forests. Our results do not support the traditional neo- versus paleotropical forest division but instead separate the combined American and African forests from their Indo-Pacific counterparts. We also find indications for the existence of a global dry forest region, with representatives in America, Africa, Madagascar, and India. Additionally, a northern-hemisphere Subtropical forest region was identified with representatives in Asia and America, providing support for a link between Asian and American northern-hemisphere forests.

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