The success of revegetation on tin-mined land in Bangka Belitung Islands, Indonesia: governed by social or agricultural technique?

Dr. Eddy Nurtjahya, M.Sc., - and Budi Harto, S.E., M.M, - (2021) The success of revegetation on tin-mined land in Bangka Belitung Islands, Indonesia: governed by social or agricultural technique? In: DevRes 2021 Advancing Sustainable Transformation, 14-16 Juni 2021, Swedia.

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Abstract

Tin mining activity in the Province of Bangka Belitung Islands, Indonesia has been operated since the colonial era, in the 17th century. After independence, tin mining was monopolized by the central government as the tin mineral was categorized as strategic mineral or class A. The monopoly has been gradually deminished starting 1999 following the change of administration led by massive student rallies in the capital in May 1998 and the effect of regional autonomy in 2004. Tin mining industry has been increased people’s income and has been an economic driven for years. Mining left landscape change, pits, marginal land, and horizontal conflicts on mining sites in some areas and between miners and people in tourism spots, especially in Belitung Island. Reclamation and revegetation onshore and coral rehabilitation projects offshore involve stakeholders: regulator, mining operators, academics, politicians, and people. Onshore rehabilitation is much developed than offshore efforts, which some are still research projects. The question is who has more important role in the success of tin mining rehabilitation? Data of literature studies and observations were collected, and some of them are primary ones. From the onshore studies and pilot projects which have been conducted and practiced, revegetation on tin mined land somehow can be considered successful. Studies, however, are going on to find potential economic plant species to be grown on tin spoil for the benefit of the people. Re-mining which is majority done by illegal miners, and the low law enforcement in the last several years disturbed the reclamation. Around 2001-2005, the reclamation and revegetation programme were halted by the biggest and public tin mining company. The freedom for mining for the people in many times was falsely interpreted and sometimes become political commodity especially during local election. Agricultural technique for revegetation has being developed and onshore revegetation in large scale can be considered successful, and many studies are still going on finding best practice for economic species in post tin mining era. Offshore rehabilitation, on the hand is developing and small scale success stories have been reported. Unless there is strong commitment among stake holders, the reclamation and revegetation on tin mined spoils would be never reached, and people would harvest the loss for many years to come.

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